BUS599 - Integrative Project, Mod 1 Case Assignment Essay

BUS599 - Integrative Project, Mod 1 Case Assignment - Essay Example They have a well stretched network covering almost places in North America and United Kingdom housed just there. The company faced great success during its tenure over the past couple of years which was result of great devotion and dedication of a hardworking staff and consistently managing high standards of quality at a fairly acceptable price. Organic food is eco friendly and plays its part to reduce pollution as well as save water and mineral soil. It also helps in maintaining your health and provides a safe and nutritional food intake leading to a healthy digestive tract therefore this approach has led to the consumption of organic and natural food thereby increasing the sales of whole foods which is a great competitor for all others organic and natural foods in the mainstream market (Staff, 2012). Whole foods market has maintained its standard and has influenced the mindsets of many by diverting them towards nutrition filled healthy food. They are well known for their freshness a good example of their maintaining quality is that even the flowers they are selling are fresh and their scent can be smelt as soon as one enters their store. Another example of how they have revolutionized the conventional style of growing banana's; they have converted it to a proper science by studying the change of colors to deal with it life cycle yet maintaining its freshness. They sell everything fresh without any delay in delivering the food from the farms to the markets. Even their packed ready to go meals are really fresh (Lindstrom, 2011). The mission of whole foods market is to provide their customers with a hustle free shopping experience, to play its part in helping and caring about the community and preservation of nature, they intend to develop good habits of eating and enlightens through education to all its stakeholders, provide healthy and good quality of organic foods and developing continuing win-win deals or partner based relation with their providers. The core values of whole foods market are primarily based on five main components: firstly standard quality and their ongoing efforts to carry on with them. Secondly, to produce only organic form of food without any harmful chemicals used. Thirdly, producing ecologically certified sea food, which has "Responsibly Farmed" label which clearly indicates that it’s the highest quality which restricts use of growth developing hormones, antibiotics etc. to ensure good standards. Fourth is that they couldn’t compromise on quality by using proper breeding techniques and not incorporating such harmful methods which tend to be inorganic. Lastly, they are firm believers in community service leading to prosperity and happiness by changing lives globally (Drell, 2012). The important information related to the shares of whole foods market is described here, industry capital is $k 16,923,590 whereas the arrears remaining on shares are $k 185,520, those internal stakeholders are 8.8% and insti tutes which are stakeholders are 79.98%. It was observed that the return and growth in percentage fluctuated the following ways (it should be kept in mind that it is the percent change) the return for the first year was 14.76% and the fifth year growth by the generated revenue was 77.48%. The third year return was 84.23% and the growth in the five year earning tenure became 96.15%. It is surprising that the fifth year for the return became 156.13%

Globalization And Its Impact On Malaysia Media Essay

Globalization And Its Impact On Malaysia Media Essay In 1985, the term of globalization was first used by Theodore Levitt. He characterizes the vest changes that had taken places in the international economy over last two to three decades. The rapid and pervasive economic and financial changes had taken place in production, consumption and investment globally. Globalization can generally refer as a process or widening economic integration. Thus globalization increase the economic openness and growing economic interdependence between countries around the world economy. Furthermore, the process are involves the increment of peoples movement, goods, capital across the national borders and services. All of this has been made possible by revolutions in communications, information and other technologies as well as important political changes. In other word, globalization typically refers to the process by which different economies and societies become more closely integrated, and concurrent with increasing worldwide globalization. Globalizations can generate wealth to the country and it definitely can bring the economy of the country to the highest points. Furthermore, globalization draws peoples closer together, and offers many of us choices. It also enables us to produce more efficiently, effectively and it allows us, at least some of us to improve the quality of life. However, if globalization can generate wealth, for sure it can take it back. For sure, not everyone is happy about globalization because it brings the negatives impact to country as well. Globalization allows rich and powerful outside business interests to intrude into the local culture and they are attend to overrides local traditions and for sure it has threatens a way of life. The cultural and religious of the society has effected and threatens because of globalization. In industrialized and developing countries, many people have felt threatened and they are threatened by the globalization. A globalized economy presents a myriad of challenges for the peoples such as in the form of protecting local cultures and environment as well as local jobs. Globalization also tends to impact the national security of the world. This close integration of the countries in the world in the global system has wide implications or ramifications toward national security. The effects of the globalization on national security is the world has created a new international law which were stripped the nation-state from its sovereignty and also made the neutrality moot, political and economic integration. Because of this, it tends to increase the tension in the international system as neither geography nor national policy offers much protection. With this, national security question has created because of the globalization. In addition, the globalization also can impact the human work for the whole world. The most important factor that effect the changing in work is technological, so the changes due to the world-wide and wholesale introduction of new information technologies (NIT) is particularly important impacts when promoting and speeding up globalization, in part of recurrently influencing work settings. However, world-wide changes in technology not only induce changes in work places but occupational structure and the professions in company have dramatic changes too. The process of globalization is one of the most critical developments that will affect the evolution of national economies. Since, globalization offers participating countries a new opportunities for accelerating growth and development, unfortunately, at the same time, it also poses challenges to and imposes constraints on policy makers in the management of national, global economic systems and also regional. So, globalization may impact the worlds poor and making the people of the world become very poor which are making the world unbalanced. At last, we know that the greatest challenge we have face today is to ensure that globalization becomes a positive forces which can helps the worlds people, instead of leaving billions of them behind in squalor. Inclusive globalization must be built on the great enabling force of the market, but market forces alone will not achieve it. It requires a broader effort to create a shared future for worlds people based upon our common humanity in all its diversity. Section 2 : Discuss Current Key Issues (Lee Tsun Chieh 1071113009) Differential aspects of globalization Economy After Malaysias independence, Malaysia has been one of the most globalized developing countries. Globalization is one of the major factors to Malaysias phenomenal economic development and growth. In addition, Anwar lbrahim had said that globalization has done us a good service and especially in the economic sector. [1] In 1992, Malaysia had offered to reduce the tariffs on 79% of imports ,however, non-tariffs has converted into tariffs, mainly for import licenses involving approval permits(APs). With this, Malaysia has benefited from increased manufactured exports and consumer welfare has been improved. On the other hand, Malaysias Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratio has increased, the trade liberalization decreasing, and indicating the increase in economic liberalization year by year. In facts, the globalization has directly improving the economics of Malaysia. Similarly like what Stiglitz said (2009), who defined globalization as closer integration of countries and people of the wor ld and the growing importance of internationally active corporation moving capital, goods, and technology across borders.[2] Economic liberalization has in indirectly made the economy increasingly susceptible to external shocks, and undermined the expansion of domestic industrial capacity and capability. Malaysia has incurring trading losses from RM 809 million in 1961 to RM 53,691 million in 1997, this will led to a decrease in the export purchasing power, and also will reduced the quantity of imports into Malaysia. Method of Communication From the angle of technology, the technological innovation lead to a lot of convenient especially the communications technologies, such as fiber optics, electronic mail and also particularly satellite communications, all these discover made their life easier and they be able to communicate all around the world because of the revolutionary innovation. On the other hand, it enable cost saving for internal communication and reduce the travelling costs. By internet, the able to support the business online and reduce the capital expenses and also the maintenance costs. Technology Technology always is the important impact of the globalization, and technological innovation also part of promoting and speeding up globalization, it also used to recurrently influencing work settings. Nowadays the technological advances occur rapidly and all around the world, some of the industry has responded by forming joint ventures, overseas research and development organization and etc. All the new organization will speed up the world technological innovation and help them own county develop to globalization and this interaction will continue. To make sure the technological innovation keep going on and without influence the working setting, our country try the best to globalization it. Examples transfer of technology through licensing, creation of new business and also joint ventures. All these interactions had been done to increased the number of subsidiaries of the multinational corporations and have created new strategic alliances. In the twentieth century, which machines have increasing rapidly and replaced the skills of workers nowadays. In a production process in which science and technology are central, knowledge and not skill defines the process.[3] Now most of the university employees spend few hours in a day in front of the computer screens. They linked to their colleagues through internet services to find out their needs. National Security The impact of globalization on nationals security is complex. Furthermore, it could be affecting the political and economic conditions within the states. However, the impact of globalization is not necessarily negative. Some of the participants have argued that some ways the forces of globalization have brought about greater stability in the region. For example, Johor-Riau-Singapore triangle in Southeast Asia, these countries have reduced the conflicts between them and they have give some cooperate between each of them. Nevertheless, the impact on globalization on the national security environment is not fully positive. Globalization may actually serve to aggravate long-standing tensions. This is the challenges to the whole world and many of these are represent long-term threats which have traditionally fallen outside the realm of foreign policy. In fact, in the last 11 years, the US interference in Malaysia economy had threats of economic sanctions under the Iran-Libya Sanctions Act (ILSA) on the PETRONAS. This issue is to pressure Malaysia to tow along the line set by its foreign policy in the New World Order.[4] In addition, the foreign interference that increased in Malaysias internal affairs had demonstrated by the Anwar. However, USA-led was tried to inflame the Anwar-Mahathir conflict in order to erode the confidence of international community on Malaysias political stability in the Malaysias internal affairs. [1] With this, we know that the economic interdependence has a political price which is either delegating some nation authority to a common international institution like World Bank and IMF or increased the vulnerability. Cultural For the cultural aspect, globalization means the changes in term of the way of living among people in the community. Hallak (2000) [5] in this regard states that globalization has produced two discrepant phenomena; standardization and diversification. Standardization refers to similarity in eating habits, clothes, and cultural products whereas diversification is more about encouragement in accessing the multiple nature of world heritage. The process of cultural globalization would not be smooth without the help of advanced communication technologies. Scientific and advanced technology of communication plays a vital role in disseminating a certain culture throughout the world. Mohamed and Musa (1999) [6] noted that the communication media, especially television and the Internet, are the tools to spread out diverse cultures and lifestyles which mostly come from Western societies. The society is exposed to the Pepsi lifestyle, McDonalds, Hollywood and Bollywood movies. Globalization, in short it creates similarities and differences in the cultural. Mobility Mobility can be characterising into tourism and migration. For past, to travelling world-wide is hard to accept because of the travel fee is too expensive. But nowadays, the international tourism has become one of the target and fastest growing business sectors in many countries. The cheap air travel and enticing tourist infrastructures have made it possible and interesting also for that low income population to make vacation far away from here. Example AirAsia airline always comes out with a lot of offer and package for us with affordable price, with that kind of promotion, the low income family have the chance to do more vacation. Section 3 : Case Study and Discussion (Tan Jin Sheng 1071113007) From our questionnaire survey, there are 50 students have participated. There are 25 students are male and another 25 students are female. There are 45 students are Malaysian and 5 students are non Malaysian. All of the students that participated are at the range of age at 18-29. All of them are single and none of them are in married. There are 39 students doing their degree and 11 students doing their diploma. There are 30 students are from FET, 10 students are from FBL and another 10 students are from FIST. From the pie chart above, we found out that there 66% of students are understood about the meaning of globalization. Most of the students believe that the globalization will bring benefits to them and also our countries. Part of the students does not know well the meaning of globalization because they seldom access to the media, and also internet. For the students who know because they learn it from the syllabus of studies and the access to the media frequently, like reading newspaper or access to internet every day. On the other hand, they also able to list out the impact of globalization and important of it toward Malaysia. Example, globalization enables fast growth in economic and decentralization of production, rapid development of urban centres, and etc. Of course globalization also bring us a lot negative impact like increasing inequality and poverty, negative use of labour flexibility particularly for easy hire and fire, and etc. For further improvement, our government need to take action to minimize the negative impact due to globalization. From the pie chart above, we found out that most all students are think that the technology, economy and the method of communication will have impact in Malaysia. Mostly all of them think that the impact will come in the positive form for example we invented new technology, we have more convenience way to communication and more people will become rich. In facts, when our county has good economy, it definitely will make the people rich, when we are rich, we can have better live and quality life. In addition, they think that we will have a good way or convenience way to communication with each other when globalization in Malaysia has growth fast likes others country. Technology are the one of the main impact of globalization, it development in science and technology in order to fast growth in technology sector. Technological innovation is the part of promoting and speeding up globalization, it also going to replace the skills of workers nowadays. So, from this survey, we found out that most of the students can understand what is globalization is, however they wish that our country can be globalized and become more developed country in Asia as well as in the world. Furthermore, we also can see that most of the students can only see the appearance impact when Malaysia is globalized, in facts, there are more aspect that will impact in Malaysia when Malaysia are globalized. So, these kinds of information are importance to the people of Malaysia in order to be a developed country in the world. Section 4 : Conclusion and suggestion for Improvements (Kishok nair a/l vijaya seharan 1071118515) Suggestion for Improvements Globalization in general humanitarian sense must be understood as creating a situation where people nations all over the globe come closer and closer with lesser lesser conflict and greater greater prosperity. During globalization, there are a lot of impact occurs within our nation, there have positive and also negative impacts which will bring a lot of benefit and also disadvantages to our life and country. So, we as the nation of Malaysia play an important role to minimize the bad impact. Example, we need to have ethical behaviour to treat or serve everything around us, not just being ethical behaviour but we need to put effort to do it also. The government also the important role, government need come out a lot of action like promote by advertisement, do campaign and etc. All the action taken by the government will make the nation aware of their attitude and they will review themselves if they found it wrong. Besides that, government also can come out certain plan to archive Ma laysia ideal achievement, examples like Tenth Malaysia Plan on Globalization. The related ideas in the plan was leveraging on our diversity internationally, nurturing, attracting and retaining top talent, supporting effective and smart partnerships and etc. Currently Malaysia are using the critical discursive strategies like mimicry, hybridity, representation and orientalism, this has been able to selectively appropriate fragments of modernity via its embrace and successful prosecution of the free market laced with an Asian cultural flavour enabling it to portray itself as a successful Asian market economy.  In so doing, it has allowed Malaysia to transform itself from a relatively passive object into an active subject broaching issues of pan-Islamic practices and thought, global inequalities, human rights, the environment and social, cultural and political representations of developing countries and/or the third world.[7] Conclusion As the spread of globalization, globalization has increasingly become a specific economic strategy pursued for many of the countries in the world in order to re-exert their position and influence over those other countries. However, in Malaysia, we should know about the globalization maybe will gives us the positive impact and also the negative impact. Then what we want to do is to ensure that globalization can bring us more positive impact instead of negative impact. So, we should improve or to achieve the 10th Malaysia plan on globalization in order to be a fully globalized country. At last, globalization may become a key to success or a key to become a developed country; however, it may also become a key to failure the country when the country cannot manage it well.

Julius Caesar as a Tragic HEro Essay -- essays research papers

Julius Caesar as a Tragic Hero   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Ides of March mean much more than March 15th, it was also the day Julius Caesar, the Roman general and leader was killed. Although this day is not a holiday, we should take time to think of things Caesar didn’t on this fateful day. In â€Å"Julius Caesar,† by William Shakespeare, Caesar that morning solidified his place as a tragic hero because of his tremendous fatal flaw. Aristotle once defined the tragic hero as a person of noble or influential birth, who has a moral personality. The tragic hero also must have one hamartia, which is a fatal flaw. This fatal flaw is the cause of the person's downfall. This also means that it is a noble person, and it is one part of their personality that brings them down. Julius Caesar is a tragic hero because he was a champion of the people, but it was his hubris that led to his death. Caesar was a great leader and well-loved by Romans, but his arrogance made the people who were close to him mad and jealous of him. It was Caesars excessive pride that led directly to his death. We see evidence throughout the play through the dialogue and events that this is true.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, Caesar was a great leader and adored by his subjects. At the opening of the play, all of the Romans in the streets are cheering for Caesar and rejoicing in his triumph. Although two soldiers don’t agree, the first we hear of Caesar is that is a eagerly supported. At the Feast of Lupercal, for example, Marc Antony tries to crown him king three times, and each time, Caesar refuses. As he does, the people cheer for him because they bel 09ieve him to be so noble. This shows how the people revered him, admired him, and accepted him as their leader. They cheered for him in the streets and supported his every move. Caesar had made many positive changes in Rome, and people appreciate that. Caesar is a good, observant leader as he notices the way that Cassius is not a man to be trusted, and he is correct. He understands people and paid close attention to the way Cassius spent too much time thinking, and not enough time enjoying life and the arts. He warns M arc Antony that they should watch out for Cassius. â€Å"Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look; He thinks too much; such men are dangerous †¦ Such men as he be never at heart's ease/ Whiles they behold a greater than themselve... ...d it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, it is clear that Caesar is a great man with one tragic flaw: hubris. His arrogance is so strong that it taints his wisdom and takes away his fear. This shows us that fear is actually a great asset and tool not just for all of mankind. As long as people don’t let fear take over them, it will help keep them safe. To have no fear at all is not an advantage or strength, but a foolish flaw. Although Caesar is a great leader and admired by the people, his arrogance makes others mad and jealous and causes them to find reasons why they would be better off without him. Finally, this arrogance leads directly to his death because it takes away his fear, and therefore his ability to pay attention to the many signs that should have shown him that he was in danger. We have seen evidence that is was this lack of personal fear, which comes from Caesar’s hubris, that causes him to allow himself to be in a position to be killed by his own men, including his own best friend. So, when the Ides of March come around each year on March 15th, we should all take some time to remember, that a little fear is a healthy thing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Autobiography of Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass's Autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, is situated in a context that was not open to, or fond of the straightforwardness of his writing style. His open identity in an anonymous world of anti-slavery literature thrust him into international fame. His writings are often compared with that of Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin. Unlike Jefferson and Franklin, however, Douglass's Narrative was inspired by much more than a harsh, but removed king-figure. Instead, violence and the difficulty of obtaining a worthwhile education spawned Douglass's quest for freedom. After compelling and continual praise from Garrison and Wendell Phillips in the Preface to the Narrative, Douglass begins his story immediately addressing the ignorance expected from slaves. They were not allowed to know their ages, they were often taken from their mothers at a very early age. Even Douglass admits that upon his mother's death, it meant nothing more to him than the death of a stranger. From a very early age, Douglass felt the need to learn. He recognized that a major distinction between slaves and their white masters was education. He recalls his master saying that education could do him (Douglass) no good, but instead â€Å"a great deal of harm. It would make him discontented and unhappy† (1776). At that moment, Douglass realized what he had to do to escape the bonds of slavery to achieve freedom. â€Å"These words sank deep into my heart, stirred up sentiments within that lay slumbering, and called into existence an entirely new train of thought† (1776). Diligently, Douglass learned to read and became an eloquent speaker. Upon his escape to freedom, the opportunity to share his experiences with multitudes of others that were unaware of the abilities of a Negro to think deeply and speak powerfully opened up. He led a revolution of thought and made available to the public a new perspective on universal and all-inclusive humanity. In addition to education, violence also played an important role in Douglass's efforts to prove himself an equal. He offers disturbing accounts of starvation and depravation of the most essential things in life. Numerous descriptions of violent beatings that were indicative of any given day on a plantation drew sympathy from those who read the Narrative. Douglass's stories offer a view of the brutality of slavery that was rarely seen or heard in that time, especially from a black man. His descriptive and graphic words grabbed hold of the hearts of readers and listeners. Douglass used his personal experiences, as painful as they were, to inspire a revolutionary new idea: the idea that Negroes were as capable (if not more capable to be able to endure those methods of punishment) as the whites. To Douglass, education would bring him out of oppression, and the violence he witnessed and endured left him no choice but to escape from that oppression. In his Narrative, the visual imagery of emaciated slave girls fighting for offal thrown into the street and women being beaten until too exhausted to even stand provided a foundation for events as critical as the Emancipation Proclamation. He showed courage beyond that which was called for by standing, as a former slave, against those who would oppress a person because of the color of their skin. His narrative is powerful and moving and it a cornerstone of the civil rights we have today.

Reflective Journal And Case Study Health And Social Care Essay

Our treatment last Thursday and Friday focused on the Impact of Disease on Health Care Delivery System and Health & A ; Social Care. During that clip our coach Kate gave us an activity which we will mention illustrations have disease affected those countries of wellness. Due to our disserted subject I learned that one time a disease happen get through in a community many jobs will look and needs to be solve instantly before it will acquire worst. To forestall it to go on, many administration like WHO, DOH, UNICEF etc. made actions to command it but unluckily still many jobs coming up which was all explained by the groups. Thingss like Financial Issues, Supply and Demands, Lack of Awareness and Knowledge, Skills Shortage and Poor conformity are the cited jobs in all groups that occur in a community who are affected with any sorts of disease. We come up this thought of some grounds. Why Fiscal Issues? Because medical specialties and manpower are non free which means it needs support to get by this job particularly when a big part of persons who are needed to be rendered with wellness services. Supply and Demands, still related to fiscal issues. Lack of Awareness and Knowledge, this contributes the job because if a community is deficiency of consciousness or cognition about it wellness they are really vulnerable to unwellnesss or diseases. Skills Shortage this pertains to the members of wellness attention system, it talks about how effectual are they in rendering their services, are they professional and skilled to give services in an efficient and effectual manner? ? Another subject we besides considered last hebdomad was about instance survey of Philip, that survey is really meaningful to us because its negotiations about Philips wellness and household job. That instance survey gives us information that Health consciousness is critical to a human life and we should take attention of ourselves. It besides gives thoughts to wellness practician on how to pull off a instance that has important state of affairs and demands immediate attending. Has this new cognition changed my apprehension? ( have I developed a whole new manner of seeing things ) : Knowing about the subject we tackled last hebdomad enlightened my head on the importance of caring ourselves and a community as a wellness practician. Hearing those facts make me believe that we should take attention ourselves in many ways like holding adequate cognition in wellness publicity and disease bar, regular look into up to measure our wellness position whether we are holding unwellness or non, holding healthy wont, diet and lifestyle. On the other manus besides as a wellness attention supplier it is our duty to supply wellness learning on those persons we know that needs it or even non because making this promotes wellness and gives cognition to them on avoiding any disease jobs. In add-on, we should be a function theoretical account of wellness to them because this is one of the effectual manner were they will believe our wellness instructions and use it to their egos. How will I use this cognition and apprehension in my work state of affairs? In my state of affairs, there are many instances where I can use this facts and cognition I gathered in our last hebdomad ‘s treatment. As we know, we can meet different instance of diseases in attention places both catching and non-communicable disease and we are cognizant that we ‘re susceptible to hold that diseases if we are non cognizant of it. Due to this point, safeguards necessary to forestall acquiring and spread of one disease to another and we can make it by using the things we discussed about public wellness in our workplace. In order to avoid ourselves and others from acquiring any disease we must keep making the basic things like manus rinsing after toileting/diapering, before fixing or eating nutrient, after covering a sneezing or cough, after blowing the olfactory organ, before and after handling a sore or lesion. Exploitation of proper protective vesture as a first line of defense mechanism. Learning a new subject leads to alterations in our cognition and apprehension and should besides take to alterations in ways of working. Identify any new cognition, facts or theories that I have learnt from this hebdomad ‘s instruction: Last hebdomad, We discussed all the things that are related about public wellness and itself. I found out that public wellness is a really wide subject and correlates many constituents such as wellness sector, wellness administrations, etc. I learned that Public Health is critical in assisting people to be cognizant about their wellness because it promotes good wellness, prolongs life and prevents society in acquiring any sort of diseases. It is besides a collected title for the wellness of the certain population. In airing of all the information related to wellness, there are bureaus that are responsible in data distribution. This bureaus and sectors are the 1 who takes the publicity, bar, planning, action, and execution of all the ends in sing wellness information airing. One of the most common bureaus here in United Kingdom is the National Health Service or normally called NHS. This bureau acts as a model of local administrations responsible for the health care of the community and to work with the local community to better our populations wellness and good being. There are more bureaus that acts or has a function like the NHS in relation to Public Health. On the other manus Health Organisation has a large function in footings of advancing people in wellness consciousness of the community because they are the 1 who distribute the wellness information globally such as World Health Organisation. WHO is the administration that coordinates and directs for wellness within the United Nations. WHO leads in supplying information about planetary wellness affairs. Every clip there is a new instance of disease they are the 1 that conducts the surveies on it and portion the information all over the Earth. For illustration, last hebdomad we had disserted the subject about the different infective disease ( Swine Flu, Salmonella, HIV/AIDS, Measles, Meningitis, Tuberculosis, and MRSA ) and Non-infectious Disease ( Cancer, Coronary Heart Disease, Cerebro-Vascular Accident, Obesity, Asthma ) which are the merchandises of the studios of WHO. Without WHO we cant gain entree or ignorant about these diseases. Match standards Has this new cognition changed my apprehension? ( have I developed a whole new manner of seeing things ) The subject we discussed does n't alter my understanding about Public Health. The lesson we take up last hebdomad adds information about what I know in public wellness and it makes me understand that it is really of import in constructing healthy community non merely in a certain topographic point but globally. It besides reminds me that as a wellness practician, we have besides the duty to portion what we have learned about advancing wellness and preventing diseases. Through this manner we can assist accomplish one of the Public Health end, which is the Health Awareness. How will I use this new cognition and apprehension in my work state of affairs? Like what I have said before, we can use this cognition by sharing the information about public wellness and stating them how to forestall diseases. In my state of affairs as an Health Care Assistant in a Care Home, I can portion what I have learned by stating to all my co-worker ‘s the importance of utilizing protective apparels whilst giving attention to a service user and explicating them how to do care a service user who has infective and non-infectious disease. Introduction In this assignment, for Part 1, I am traveling to mention two bureaus and named their functions in Public Health in footings of placing degree of wellness and disease in communities. I will call besides epidemiology of two diseases and look into a chart or graphical signifier of its incident rate. On other manus I will demo the Statistical Data of the two diseases and construe it establish on facts and my apprehension. In every bureau I will take two different attacks and schemes in commanding disease and look into its effectivity and after that I will do surveillance on how it improves Public Health. In this activity excessively I need to inspect current precedences to the proviso of one disease and gives illustration on how it relates between prevalence rate, its causes and the demands for wellness and societal attention services. Research In Part 2, I will make a instance survey on a given informations or on a workplace experience. Analyse its critical factors that affects single ‘s wellness so after I am traveling to set its precedences and measure its effectivity to persons good being. I will proposed every bit good changes that can better its wellness and put it in action like holding implementing runs to promote maximise their wellness. In this portion, I will explicate the function of 2 different bureaus in placing degrees of wellness and disease in communities PUBLIC HEALTH It is bettering and safeguarding well-being. Public Health is in charge for wellness safety, wellness sweetening and wellness inequalities issues in England. It is responsible moreover for determining policy, apportioning resources, co-ordinating actions and oversing advancement. Diagnose and look into wellness jeopardies and wellness jobs in the society. Assess handiness, effectivity, and quality of personal and population-based wellness services. In add-on they are the one organised community attempts in taking bar of disease and publicity of wellness. In relation of this, I select two bureaus that will partake the ends of public wellness. There are many bureaus that have of import functions in the society. I chose two bureaus which helps lend wellness consciousness and protection for any sort of diseases ; it is the Department of Health ( DOH ) and National Health Services ( NHS ) . I will exactly associate this two bureau to the two diseases I chose which is the Meningitis and Cerebrovascular Accident. Department of Health has many functions for the society. This bureau focuses on issues related to the general wellness of the people. It besides compiles statistics about wellness issues of their country. It assesses and assures hazard direction to human wellness from the environment decently. Promote and protect the wellness and health of the people within the society and community. Promote and protects the public wellness to forestall disease and unwellness. Provides research and information for the sensing, coverage, bar, and control of any diseases or wellness jeopardy that the section considers to be unsafe that likely affects the public wellness. Establish a unvarying public wellness plan throughout the community which includes uninterrupted service, employment of qualified employees, and a basic plan of disease control, critical and wellness statistics, sanitation, public wellness nursing, and other preventative heath plans necessary or desirable for the protection of public w ellness. Gather and disseminate information on causes of hurt, illness, decease, and disablement and the hazard factors that contribute to the causes of hurt, illness, decease, and disablement within the society for their consciousness. Implement plans and runs necessary or desirable for the publicity or protection of the public wellness to cut down and command the disease. DOH develops strategic attacks for current wellness hazards. Establish hazard analysis model and care of hazard criterions. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.le.utah.gov/interim/2005/pdf/00000306 National Health Services is a publically funded health care systems in United Kingdom, this bureau concentrate on keeping people ‘s wellness and wellbeing. This bureau is responsible for presenting quality and effectual wellness service to humanity. They besides contribute just entree to everyone in relation to people ‘s demand. They are responsible for doing payments to independent primary attention contractors such as GPs, dentists, lens makers and druggists in rendering their services to all people who needs it. It provides different caring services such as Emergency Respite Care, where attention is provided if an person ; are unable to carry through your caring duties due to unanticipated fortunes, such as illness.A Domiciliary Care, where person comes into your place and takes over some of your duties for a few hours.A Day attention Centre, where the individual you care for spends clip at a Centre whilst you have a few trim hours to yourself. There are more services rendered by the NHS which develop societies wellness hypertext transfer protocol: //www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/36D1CF8D85714DBECA25720D001F6860/ $ File/quaat3.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/doh/newnhs/wpaper8.htm In this portion, I will look into the epidemiology of two diseases in graph format and demo my apprehension and reading of the given informations: Meningitis is an infection of the meninxs, protective membranes that surround the encephalon and spinal cord. Infection can do the meningesA to go inflamed and crestless wave, which can damage the nervousnesss and encephalon. This can do symptoms such as a terrible concern, purging, high febrility, stiff cervix and sensitiveness to visible radiation. Many people ( but non all ) besides develop a typical tegument roseola. Symptoms can differ in immature kids and babes. See the â€Å" symptoms † subdivision for more information. Meningitis can be caused by: bacteriums, such as streptococci pneumoniae, the bacteriums besides responsible for pneumonia, which normally live harmlessly in your oral cavity and pharynx, and viruses, such as the herpes simplex virus. Viral meningitis Viral meningitis is the most common and less serious type of meningitis. There are about 3,000 instances of viral meningitis reported in England and Wales every twelvemonth, but experts believe the true figure is much higher. This is because in many instances of viral meningitis the symptoms are so mild that they can frequently be mistaken for grippe. Viral meningitis is most common in immature kids and babes, particularly in babes less than one twelvemonth old. Viral meningitis normally gets better by itself within a twosome of hebdomads, without the demand for specific intervention. Bacterial meningitis Bacterial meningitis is highly serious and should be treated as a medical exigency. If the bacterial infection is left untreated, it can do terrible harm to the encephalon and infect the blood ( blood poisoning ) , taking to decease. Treatment requires a transportation to an intensive attention unit so the organic structure ‘s maps can be supported whilst antibiotics are used to contend the infection. There are about 2,000 instances of bacterial meningitis in England and Wales every twelvemonth. The figure of instances has dropped aggressively in recent old ages due to a successful inoculation programme that protects against many of the bacteriums that can do meningitis. The intervention for bacterial meningitis has improved greatly. Several decennaries ago, about all people with bacterial meningitis would decease, even if they received prompt intervention. Now deaths occur inA one in 10 instances, normally as a consequence of a hold in intervention. Bacterial meningitis is most common in kids and babes under the age of three, and in adolescents and immature people aged 15-24. The best manner to forestall meningitis is to guarantee that your household ‘s inoculations are up to day of the month. Stroke ( cerebrovascular accident ) A shot happens when the blood supply to the encephalon is disturbed in some manner. As a consequence, encephalon cells are starved of O. This causes some cells to decease and leaves other cells damaged. Types of shot Most shots happen when a blood coagulum blocks one of the arterias ( blood vass ) that carries blood to the encephalon. This type of shot is called an ischemic shot. Transeunt ischaemic onslaught ( TIA ) or ‘mini-stroke ‘ is a short-run shot that lasts for less than 24 hours. The O supply to the encephalon is rapidly restored and symptoms disappear. A transeunt shot demands prompt medical attending because it indicates a serious hazard of a major shot. Cerebral thrombosis is when a blood coagulum ( thrombus ) signifiers in an arteria that supplies blood to the encephalon. Blood vass that are furred up with fatty sedimentations ( atheroma ) make a obstruction more likely. The coagulum prevents blood fluxing to the encephalon and cells are starved of O. Cerebral intercalation is a blood coagulum that signifiers elsewhere in the organic structure before going through the blood vass and lodging in the encephalon. In the encephalon, it starve cells of O. An irregular pulse or recent bosom onslaught may do you prone to organizing blood coagulums. Cerebral bleeding is when a blood vas explosions inside the encephalon and bleeds ( bleedings ) . With a bleeding, blood seeps into the encephalon tissue and causes excess harm. ( 2009 ) ( Meningitis ) . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/conditions/Meningitis/Pages/Introduction.aspx. [ Accessed Feb. 24, 2010 ] These are the graphs demoing the rates of Meningitis and Cardiovascular Accident here in United Kingdom. Beginning: PHLS Meningococcal Reference Unit Disease Trends Group B- unvaccinated Meningococcal serogroup C Group C- vaccinated with Meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccinum ( MCC ) Others Ungroup This graph tabular array shows the effectivity of meningococcal conjugate vaccinum from 1998 – 2007. As we have seen in the figure, the instance reduces every twelvemonth particularly to those who have taken the vaccinum. It besides shows the successful phased debut of the meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccinum ( MCC ) in 1999 into the National Immunisation Programme in the UK. This graph tells besides that the unsusceptibility to Meningitis C has been identified in age groups who have non been vaccinated, as bacteria passenger car rates are reduced across the population. We can see besides in this tabular array that those who did n't take meningococcal vaccinum were greatly affectional by Meningitis. Beginning: NOIDS England & A ; Wales Final Midi Report for 2005 ( Table 3 – Concluding sums for 2005 by sex and age-group ) Prevalence of Bacterial Meningitis and Septicaemia by Age Group In this tabular array, we could reason that ages under 1-4 old ages old was greatly affected by meningitis as we have seen in the extremums of the graph and 0-11 months was greatly affected by the Pneumococcal and Meningococcal disease. And the same ‘peaks ‘ in the figure of presentments for the ‘under 4 old ages ‘ and '15-24 ‘ age groups can besides be seen with meningococcal blood poisoning. Beginning: NOIDS England & A ; Wales Final Midi Report for 2005 ( Table 3 – Concluding sums for 2005 by sex and age-group ) Prevalence of Bacterial Meningitis ( without Septicaemia ) by Age Group This graph shows the high figure of presentments of meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis ( without blood poisoning ) in England and Wales. Detecting this graph will observe us that the instances in 2005, age group that is 1 twelvemonth of age are greatly affected with Meningococcal Meningitis and Pneumococcal Meningitis and 15 to 24 old ages of age were averagely affected with the certain disease. It besides illustrates us that among the group instances ‘under 1 twelvemonth of age ‘ gets the highest extremum in holding Pneumococcal disease. It is besides interesting to observe that the pneumococcal meningitis extremums once more in the older age groups ( 45-64 and 65+ ) . Top of Form Bottom of Form This graph shows all the per centums of all six classs are sing shot. Figures for males are in dark grey bars and informations for females are in light grey bars, with the figure of patients in each age class shown above each saloon. All informations are patients who are sing shot or CVA. As we observed in the graph the age group from 30 to & lt ; 40 of males has the highest rate of sing shot and in female is the age group whilst 50 to & lt ; 60 is the extreme gait of age for females. 20 to & lt ; 30 and 40 to & lt ; 50 has the same rate in sing this disease. In female 30 to & lt ; 40 and 50 to & lt ; 60 is about same to each other holding this disease. This illustration shows the Incidence Rate of shot in United States and United Kingdom. Detailss are articulated as individual per twelvemonth holding shot in 7 age classs. Individual sing shots, person-years of followup was defined as the figure of old ages from birth to the day of the month for first recorded shot. For single without shots, person-years of followup were defined as the last available follow-up day of the month during the natural history period. Stroke incidence rates are revealed in informations chart beneath the graph. As you see the informations it ‘s really clear that a UK male has the highest incidence rates. UK Females, US Males and US Females are largely like has the same incidence rate in happening of CVA. In this portion, I will take at least two attacks and schemes that control the incidence of one disease and analyze its effectivity: As bar of these diseases and to diminish its rate Department of Health and National Health Services brand schemes and run to achieve their ends. Department of Health formulate the â€Å" Meningitis C Campaign â€Å" the intent of the this run was to immunize every bit many as possible of the state ‘s 15 million immature people and kids aged under the age of 18 old ages in as short a clip as possible, immunizing those most at hazard of disease foremost. Transporting out of the programme was made harmonizing to the hazard of disease-those at extreme hazard being immunised foremost. In November 1999, National Childhood Programme introduces the everyday immunization of vaccinum at the ages of two, three and four months – alongside the DTP, Hib and infantile paralysis vaccinums and in December 1999 stripling that ages 15 and 17 was besides immunised. As a consequence of the run there are around 13 million kids have immunised during the first twelvemonth through the aid of general practicians, nurses, immunization coordinators and many other wellness professional. This was prosecuting by a widespread draw aboard programme to immunize all other kids and adolescents up to the age of 18 old ages in 2000/2001.A After that the vaccinum was made accessible to anyone up to 25 old ages. National Health Services contributed besides a meningitis bar plan here in United Kingdom. The â€Å" Campaign to advance new Vaccine against Meningitis † , this plan encouraged all parents to immunize their kids against pneumococcal disease which is the causative agent of meningitis. General Practitioners has the large function of this run because they are the who will catch-up the run for the kids ages 0 – 2 old ages who is get downing their immunizations. This plan was imposed by Health Minister Dr. Brian Gibbons. He states that: â€Å" Immunization is the best manner to protect kids from serious disease and the everyday childhood programme has been highly effectual in accomplishing this. The alterations will farther better the programme and benefit kids. This new vaccinum will assist salvage lives and prevent 100s more instances of serious unwellness such as meningitis and pneumonia. † To maximize the defense mechanism against Meningitis C and Hib disease NHS made two alterations in the everyday plan. The present three doses of Meningitis C vaccinum will be respaced at three and four months of age with a supporter shooting at 12 months. Most up-to-date cogent evidence shows that the protection offered by this vaccinum declines one twelvemonth after inoculation. To maximize the protection in the first two old ages of life when the hazard of infection is high, we will urge doses at three and four months of age and a supporter dosage at 12 months. A supporter shooting of Hib vaccinum will be given at 12 months. In 1992 Hib vaccinum was introduced and is soon given to kids at two, three and four months of age. Since 1999, there was a little but slow addition in the figure of instances in older kids being reported. Again, because of this Meningitis bar plan, the disease declined over clip. There was a Hib supporter run happened in 2003. This dosage was given to older kids to maximize their unsusceptibility. This upturned the little addition in infections that had started to happen. A supporter dosage of Hib vaccinum is being added to the childhood immunization programme as a modus operandi at 12 months to widen protection against Hib disease. The new everyday inoculation agenda is as follows: 2 months DTaP/IPV/Hib + pneumococcal vaccinum 3 months DTaP/IPV/Hib + MenC vaccinum 4 months DTaP/IPV/Hib + MenC + pneumococcal vaccinum 12 months Hib/Men C 13 months MMR + pneumococcal vaccinum DTaP/IPV/Hib is a individual injection that protects against diphtheria, lockjaw, whooping cough, infantile paralysis and Hib. MenC protects against meningitis C Hib/ MenC is a combined vaccinum protecting against Hib and Meningitis C ( 2009 ) ( Campaign to advance new Vaccine against Meningitis ) available from www.immunisation.nhs.uk. [ Accessed at February 24, 2010 ] Due to this run the rate of meningococcal infection has fallen every twelvemonth since, and the instances of laboratory-confirmed group C meningococcal disease across all age groups immunised has go down by 90 % since the vaccinum was implemented. In 2003/04, there were merely 65 instances reported and 8 deceases. There was even a good consequence in those who were non immunised with a decrease of approximately 70 % , urging that the vaccinum has had a community protection consequence. In fact the run has been so successful that meningitis C disease now accounts for less than 10 % of meningococcal meningitis instances. Even though the run made a great success still the wellness functionaries and medical professionals need to stay cautious. ( 2010 ) ( Meningitis C Campaign ) available from hypertext transfer protocol: //webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. [ Accessed at February 24, 2010 ] . For Cardiovascular Accident bar, Department of Health formulated new schemes to fall its rate. They formulated the Stroke: Act F.A.S.T. consciousness run ; F.A.S.T means Face, Arm, Speech, and Time. The Stroke: Act F.A.S.T. consciousness run aims to learn all wellness related professionals and the community on the marks of shot and that prompt exigency intervention can cut down the hazard of decease and disablement. The run will advise the community about F.A.S.T. to name 999. F.A.S.T is a simple scrutiny to assist people to place the marks of shot and be cognizant of the importance of fast exigency direction. Campaign adverts, on Television, wireless, cyberspace and circulars, illustrate stroke ‘spreading like fire in the encephalon ‘ to show that fast exigency action can restrict harm and radically raise a individual ‘s chance of lasting and of avoiding long-run disablement. ( 2010 ) ( Stroke: Act F.A.S.T. consciousness run ) available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics. [ Accessed at February 24, 2010 ] If Department of Health has its run towards CVA, National Health Services provide besides a plan to decrease its incidence rate ; The National Stroke Awareness Campaign. This run is related to F.A.S.T were NHS implemented that all paramedics should cognize how to measure a individual utilizing F.A.S.T before directing them to hospital. They besides made a Stroke Association who will back up this run. This sort of charity is entirely concerned with contending shot towards people in all ages. The charity resources research into bar, intervention, better methods of rehabilitation and facilitates stroke patients and their households straight through its Rehabilitation and Support Services which include Communication Support, Family and Carer Support, information services, public assistance grants, publications and cusps. In this portion, I will look into current precedences and attacks to the proviso of heath services for people with one disease: Treating Meningitis is non easy thing to make because this disease has assorted types, viral and bacterial meningitis. There is no intervention for Viral Meningitis. The immune system, will make antibodies to eliminate the virus. Until it is known that a kid has viral, non bacterial meningitis, he or she will be admitted to the infirmary. But one time the determination of viral meningitis is complete, antibiotics are stopped, and a kid who is recovering satisfactorily will be sent place. Simply acetaminophen must be given to decrease febrilities. Clear fluids and a bland diet including preferable nutrients should be offered. During recovery, a kid desires rest in a glooming, quiet room. Bright visible radiations, noise and invitees may annoy a kid with meningitis. Increased anxiousness on the encephalon from build-up of fluid in the meninxs is a terrible job. ( 2010 ) ( Viral Meningitis ) available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.healthscout.com. [ Accessed at February 24, 2010 ) For Bacterial Meningitis may turn out fatal within hours. Patients with suspected acute bacterial meningitis should be instantly admitted to the infirmary and assessed for whether LP ( lichen planus ) is clinically safe. Disinfectants should be given rapidly. If LP is tardily because a CT scan is indispensable, antibiotic action should be started before the scan and after blood samples have been attained for civilization. When the exact being is recognized and consequences of susceptiblenesss are known, intervention can be customized consequently. After the diagnosing has been confirmed ( by and large within 12-48 hours of admittance to the infirmary ) , the patient ‘s antimicrobic therapy can be modified harmonizing to the causative being and its susceptiblenesss. Supportive therapy, such as unstable replacing, should be continued. Dexamethasone should be continued for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitides. S pneumoniae ( continuance of therapy 10-14 yearss ) Penicillin susceptible ( minimal inhibitory concentration [ MIC ] & lt ; 0.1 microgram/mL ) : Principen or penicillin G Penicillin intermediate ( MIC = 0.1-1.0 microgram/mL ) : Claforan or Rocephin Penicillin resistant ( MIC a†°?2.0 microgram/mL ) or cephalosporin-resistant ( MIC a†°?1.0 microgram/mL ) : Vancocin AND Claforan or Rocephin. H influenzae ( continuance of therapy 10-14 yearss ) Beta-lactamase-negative: Principen Beta-lactamase-positive: Claforan or Rocephin. Streptococcus agalactiae ( group B streptococcus ) ( continuance of therapy 14-21 yearss ) Gentamicin AND Principen or penicillin G. Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae: ( continuance of therapy 21-28 yearss ) Gentamicin AND Claforan or Rocephin. Listeria monocytogenes ( continuance of therapy 21-28 yearss ) Gentamicin AND Principen or penicillin G. Staphylococcus aureus ( continuance of therapy depends on microbiological response of CSF and underlying unwellness of the patient ) Methicillin susceptible: Nafcil or oxacillin Methicillin resistant: Vancocin. Staphylococcus epidermidis ( continuance of therapy depends on microbiological response of CSF and underlying unwellness of the patient ) Vancomycin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( continuance of therapy 21 yearss ) Ceftazidime and Garamycin. Enterococcus species ( continuance of therapy 21 yearss ) Ampicillin and Garamycin. Acinetobacter species ( continuance of therapy 21 yearss ) Gentamicin and meropenem. N meningitides ( continuance of therapy 5-7 yearss ) Penicillin susceptible ( MIC & lt ; 0.1 microgram/mL ) : Principen or penicillin G Penicillin intermediate ( MIC = 0.1-1.0 microgram/mL ) : Claforan or Rocephin. ( 2010 ) ( Bacterial Meningitis ) available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //bestpractice.bmj.com. [ Accessed February 24, 2010 ] In this portion, I will explicate by giving illustrations, the relationship between the prevalence of one disease, its causes and the demands for wellness and societal attention services: Nowadays United Kingdom is still cautious about Meningitis even though the incidence rate is already diminishing radically. To be safe, wellness administration are prioritizing adult females and kids ‘s wellness. They develop a guideline which suggest about direction of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal blood poisoning in kids. There are stakeholders furthermore helped in heightening the range of this undertaking and after the assignment of the guideline development group, they will do a series of inquiries all approximately clinical importance that covers the guideline of the range which includes diagnosing of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal blood poisoning, direction of suspected bacterial meningitis and meningococcal blood poisoning in primary attention and the in the pre-hospital scene, direction of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal blood poisoning in secondary attention, retrieval and transportation to secondary and third attention, pick and timing of probes, information that should be given to parents and carers. Beginning: NOIDS England & A ; Wales Final Midi Report for 2005 ( Table 3 – Concluding sums for 2005 by sex and age-group ) Beginning: PHLS Meningococcal Reference Unit Prevalence of Bacterial Meningitis ( without Septicaemia ) by Age Group This two graph shows the high figure of presentments of meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis ( without blood poisoning ) instances in the ‘less than 4 old ages ‘ and '15-24 old ages ‘ age groups. It besides illustrates that instance within the ‘less than 4 old ages ‘ age group extremum at ‘less than 1 old ages ‘ . It is besides interesting to observe that the pneumococcal meningitis extremums once more in the older age groups ( 45-64 and 65+ ) . As what you can see here in the prevalence rate of bacterial meningitis ( without blood poisoning ) , it is really clear that the largely affected with this disease is the Serogroup Group B, it has the highest rate with 88 % above the 4 class.AConfirmed meningococcal infections by part hebdomads 2008-49 to 2009-02ASerogroup B Other serogroups Sum confirmed instances East Midlands 17–17 Eastern 26 2 28 London 23 3 26 North East 14 2 16 North West 52 4 56 South & A ; West 27 4 31 South East 26 1 27 West Midlands 32 8 40 Yorkshire & A ; Humberside 35 6 41 Entire 252 30 282 A Meningococcal serogroup B infections in England A clear addition in studies of Neisseria meningitides serogroup B infections has been observed during December 2008 and early January 2009. The figure of instances reported during December and early January ( hebdomad 2008-49 to hebdomad 2009-02 ) , nevertheless, is well higher ( 252 ) than the same period during any of the old three old ages ( 198, 142, and 191 ) . Cases are disseminated across England. The probationary sum figure of meningococcal serogroup B infections all through 2008 was 1070, similar to the one-year sums for 2007 ( 1076 ) and 2006 ( 1011 ) . Lab confirmed instances of meningococcal disease: England and Wales, five-weekly moving norms, 1997 to 2009 By and large the figure of confirmed meningococcal instances remains low down with lone 1194 confirmed instances in 2008, lower than 2007 ( 1256 ) and go oning the overall descending tendency since 1999/2000. A chief engagement to the overall decrease has been the sustained autumn in serogroup C instances following the debut of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccinum in 1999. Merely 22 instances of serogroup C infection were confirmed last twelvemonth, compared to 989 instances in 1999. Serogroup B infections have in the past shown perennial fluctuations, frequently linked to the flow of precise strains. The encouragement observed during December 2008 and early January 2009 appears to be connected with a scope of serogroup B being. ( 2010 ) ( Health Protection Report ) available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hpa.org.uk. [ Accessed at February 24, 2010 ] This graph every bit good shows that the Public Health in this clip does n't hold adequate any cognition about the disease and unable to handle those affected with the unwellness. Due to this ground wellness administration that is related with this job requires to carry on more survey and research on how to bring around or handle non merely the class above that has the highest rate of this disease and prone to hold more mortality and morbidity rate but all of all class that is affected with the disease. They need besides to make more runs, schemes and attacks to contend with it, this so called provisioning. Health attention system should maintain an oculus to this disease to follow community ‘s demands. This is a challenge for them to do and pull off clinical services more dependable to all persons. Health attention purveying cardinal must turn to both efficiency and fulfillment to all persons. In this portion, I will analyze the impact of two current lifestyle picks on futute demands for wellness and societal attention services: Every person can take their ain life style but unluckily some of them do n't cognize what its consequence on their wellness, some every bit good knows its bad effects but they ‘re maintaining making it because they tend to ground out that it is connected to their life and they ca n't populate without it. Like in my assignment Cerebral Vascular Accident, this disease can be related on our life style for illustration Substance Abuse, imbibing excessively much intoxicant increases the hazard CVA, imbibing excessively much intoxicant can raise blood force per unit area because it makes our blood syrupy, that may do bosom failure and it will take to stroke. It raises besides our organic structure ‘s triglycerides that may bring forth irregular pulses. It besides contributes to fleshiness which means if a individual is corpulent they are more possible to hold shot. The hazard of bosom disease in people who drink moderate sums of intoxicant is lower that non-drinkers. Normally a person can merely hold 1-1/2 fluid ounces ( fl oz ) of 80-proof liquors ( such as Bourbon, Scotch, vodka, gin, etc. ) , 1 fl oz of 100-proof liquors, 4 fl oz of vino, or 12 fl oz of beer or intoxicant to hold healthy imbibing life style. Another life style that may take person to the demand of societal service in the hereafter that is related in shot is Excessive Cigarette Smoking. Cigarette Smoking is widespread and important as a hazard factor that the general sawbones has called it â€Å" the taking preventable cause of disease and deceases. † Cigarette smoke increases the hazard of coronary bosom disease by itself. When it acts with other factors, it greatly increases hazard. Smoking additions blood force per unit area, decreases exercising tolerance and increases the inclination for blood to coagulate that ‘s why it can do intellectual vascular accident. The nicotine and C monoxide in coffin nail fume harm the cardiovascular system in many ways which contributes the intellectual vascular accident to go on. Smoking besides increases the hazard of perennial coronary bosom disease after beltway surgery because as we have know that smoking can do our blood syrupy and of this there is a large possibility that the stent that was putted in affected vas will be removed and may do more obstruction. Cigarette smoke is the most of import hazard factor for immature work forces and adult females particularly nowadays bush leagues smoke coffin nail and overdo it. It besides produces a greater comparative hazard in individuals under age 50 than in those over 50.Women who smoke and use unwritten preventives greatly increase their hazard of coronary bosom disease and shot compared with non-smoking adult females who use unwritten preventives. Smoking lessenings High Density Lipoproteins ( good cholesterin. ) Cigarette smoke combined with a household history of bosom disease besides seems to greatly increase the hazard. ( 2010 ) ( Cigarette Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease ) available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.americanheart.org. [ Accessed at February 24, 2010 ] In this portion, I will look into the scope of services required to back up persons affected by one disease in a local community: Meningitis causes widespread dismay in all communities. To back up community in combating with Meningitis Public Health squad including Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre ( CCDC ) , Consultants in Public Health Medicine ( CPHM ) , Advance Health Optics ( AMO ) provides a 24 hr helpline all over United Kingdom because Department of Health put Meningitis as one of the most feared unwellness by parents and 2nd highest incidence rate in Europe. Due to this outbreak Meningitis Research Foundation works straight with Public Health Teams this is to guarantee that people have full and accurate information without doing unneeded frights with this disease. They besides made a cusp titled â€Å" Meningococcal Meningitis and Septicaemia – Am I at Hazard? † to inform the community and go cognizant with it. The purpose of this cusp is to still baseless frights about meningococcal disease by assisting people understand the degree of hazard, and replying often asked inquiries about the diseases ; and clearly illustrates the different symptoms of meningitis and blood poisoning, the roseolas of meningococcal disease and the tumbler trial. Americium I at Risk was developed through audience with CCDCs and CPHMs every bit good as baby doctors and representatives of the Department of Health, The Royal College of General Practitioners, The British Medical Association and the Office for Health Gain. Many public wellness physicians routinely include this cusp with letters that are sent place to parents when covering with a instance in a school or baby's room. For many parents, the messages about degrees of hazard and the reassurance of holding symptoms information stopping point to manus aid to still their frights. 24 helpline is a helpline where community can name anytime ; it is operated by trained and qualified staff nurse to talk to companies who needs information about this disease and to those who has inquiries about disease dark and twenty-four hours. This will supply every bit good information for people concerned about meningitis and blood poisoning. ( 2010 ) ( Public Health Teams ) available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.meningitis.org/health-professionals. [ Accessed at February 24, 2010 ] CASE STUDY In this portion of the assignment I will now discourse a instance survey sing sexually transmitted disease among adolescents. The instance survey as it follows: â€Å" Sandy Jones is 19 old ages old and has been seeing her fellow for 6 months. They are now sexually active. She has made an assignment with her GP because she has developed marks of a sexually transmitted disease which has been confirmed following probe ( the populace issue you need to see is sexually familial diseases ) † In this instance we need to propose Sandy Jones to hold an assignment to her general practician and discussed its job for her safety. She needs besides wellness learning a demand to be informed that she can convey the disease she carries, stating this to her can forestall the disease to distribute. Discoursing her job to her GP prevent besides future jobs and lucky to her because she ‘s cognizant that she acquired sexually transmitted disease because some STD ‘s has no symptoms and being non cognizant of it will take to major wellness jobs such as non being able to acquire pregnant ( sterility ) , lasting encephalon harm, bosom disease, malignant neoplastic disease, and even decease. That ‘s why, if we think you have been exposed to a sexually familial disease, you and your sex spouse ( s ) should see a wellness clinic, infirmary or physician for proving and intervention. We need besides to prioritise her demands ; we know that she ‘s sexually active so sex is the 1st precedence because based on Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of Need this belongs to physiologic demands. This is why we need to her to learn about sex and how to do it in safety manner. 2nd ( safety and security ) is her safety which I already discussed above. Third one ( love and belongingness ) is her emotional demands, based on her instance she does n't hold household or any relations to speak with her jobs and she does n't hold parents to steer her. Fourth ( self-pride ) , we need to put her instance on private because her instance may diminish her repute if anybody will cognize about her position and the last ( self-actualisation ) , to hold this one she needs to be mature and cognize all the consequences of her action but there still should be a counsel for her. ( 2010 ) ( Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of Needs ) available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.businessballs.com/maslow.htm. [ Accessed at February 24, 2010 ] In this portion, I will critically measure the effectivity of schemes, systems, and policies in the scene for maximising the well being persons: There are plentifulness of plans that are related about sex, sex instruction and its effects that the United Kingdom authorities provided and implemented already. One of this and the most common is â€Å" Sex Education that Works † this plan from the authorities aims to educated adolescents about sex. It is besides a procedure of obtaining informations, organizing attitudes and beliefs towards sex, sexual individuality, familiarity and relationship. Sexual activity instruction is besides about budding immature people ‘s abilities that they formulate informed picks about their manners, and think positive and adept about moving on these picks. It is by and large accepted that immature people have a right to arouse instruction. â€Å" Teacher Training † , Good pre-service and in-service is indispensable for instructors if course of study on sexual and generative wellness, including HIV/AIDS, are to be effective.A Such preparation nowadayss many challenges but is indispensable to assist immature people learn more about their gender and how to avoid unplanned gestation and sexually familial infections. In most schools, sexual and generative wellness instruction consists of didactic talks about basic anatomy and physiology. This is barely surprising, because most preparation plans fail to fix future instructors of sexual and generative wellness to learn the topic efficaciously. As a consequence, many instructors complete their preparation with critical spreads in their cognition of generative wellness. Some have judgmental attitudes or spiritual, legal or moral expostulations to learning immature people about sex, contraceptive method, or rubber usage. Others feel uncomfortable speaking about such topics or utilizing the synergistic instruction methods that appear to be most effectual in advancing healthy sexual behavior. When they move to the schoolroom, these instructors are frequently expected to utilize teaching stuffs that omit cardinal information and promote the â€Å" chalk and talk † attack. Research has shown that widespread sex instruction benefits immature grownups significantly. These plans support adolescents deal with equal force per unit area and educate them the art of communicating and dialogue. It assists them with absorbing self-assured accomplishments, indispensable in their traffics with equals.

Free Essays on Fanny Brice

Fanny Brice Fanny Brice had a very cool and inspiring career. The Entertainment industry didn’t know it at the time but her career would reflect significant changes in American theatre. Fanny was a thin, talented and very Jewish looking young lady. The common female performer of the day was the equivalent of a Vages show girl. Fanny didn’t exactly fit the mold of a typical female stage performer. The trend in theatre was to be more sexually explicit to accommodate the growing number of male audience members. So the content changed dramatically, women performers had become silent, just on stage to display their bodies. â€Å" Turn of the century theatrical posters pictured a world dominated by females.† â€Å" Men (usually rendered as upper class) were represented as powerless onlookers, Functionaries, or victims of working class women’s overbearing sexual presence.† Sounds empowering, yes it is, but for all the wrong reasons. This type of advertising makes the m look like empowered peaces of meat. In a world full of other performers jockeying for fame, Fanny enlisted (bribed is more like it) help from the dancers. Dancing was a big thing that she needed to work on to make herself a more marketable talent. She grabbed up all the undergarments in her house and would give them to the dancers in exchange for dance lessons. Over time she became Quite good. She took a similar approach when it came to getting a song written. â€Å" All the other Singers were surrounding Ziegfields two African-American song writers, Joe Jordan and will Marion Cook, hoping to get a song written especially for them.† Fanny did what every fine upstanding politician would do, She Bribed them; with food that is. â€Å" How would you like a real home cooked meal? My mom is the best cook in Now York.† The ploy worked. They ended up giving her the song â€Å" Lovely Joe.† The really cool thing about Fanny is that she took the initiative and didn’t except t... Free Essays on Fanny Brice Free Essays on Fanny Brice Fanny Brice Fanny Brice had a very cool and inspiring career. The Entertainment industry didn’t know it at the time but her career would reflect significant changes in American theatre. Fanny was a thin, talented and very Jewish looking young lady. The common female performer of the day was the equivalent of a Vages show girl. Fanny didn’t exactly fit the mold of a typical female stage performer. The trend in theatre was to be more sexually explicit to accommodate the growing number of male audience members. So the content changed dramatically, women performers had become silent, just on stage to display their bodies. â€Å" Turn of the century theatrical posters pictured a world dominated by females.† â€Å" Men (usually rendered as upper class) were represented as powerless onlookers, Functionaries, or victims of working class women’s overbearing sexual presence.† Sounds empowering, yes it is, but for all the wrong reasons. This type of advertising makes the m look like empowered peaces of meat. In a world full of other performers jockeying for fame, Fanny enlisted (bribed is more like it) help from the dancers. Dancing was a big thing that she needed to work on to make herself a more marketable talent. She grabbed up all the undergarments in her house and would give them to the dancers in exchange for dance lessons. Over time she became Quite good. She took a similar approach when it came to getting a song written. â€Å" All the other Singers were surrounding Ziegfields two African-American song writers, Joe Jordan and will Marion Cook, hoping to get a song written especially for them.† Fanny did what every fine upstanding politician would do, She Bribed them; with food that is. â€Å" How would you like a real home cooked meal? My mom is the best cook in Now York.† The ploy worked. They ended up giving her the song â€Å" Lovely Joe.† The really cool thing about Fanny is that she took the initiative and didn’t except t...

Integrity essays

Integrity essays Integrity is defined by Websters as a firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values (INCORRUPTIBILITY,) an unimpaired condition (SOUNDNESS,) and the quality or state of being complete or undivided (COMPLETENESS.) These are a couple examples of types of integrity: integrity of character, professional integrity. How I would define integrity is how one handles themselves with responsibility and the ability to take the consequences brought on by the lack there of. A leader is the role model or mentor by which a group or person that is under their command is most influenced. Eventually this will lead to a molding or modeling of this group or persons behavior. This is why a leader must have and maintain the highest standard of character and integrity whether on or off duty. Integrity of ones character will consist of honor, virtue, allegiance, and subordination. Without integrity the leader can never gather the respect and confidence of junior and senior members within the group whether it be a team, squad, platoon, or troop. Now I feel that integrity is a very hard characteristic to keep whole due to the verity of every aspect that is needed to exploit it. The quality of integrity is not a trait that we are born with; rather it is learned as we go through life. Not all good leaders have backgrounds that would indicate their level of integrity either. Instead, during the process of learning, integrity of the person is developed. As with fingerprints, no two people have the exact value system that we live by. So this makes it very hard two judge one anothers integrity or lack there of. The process of learning integrity starts when we are very young and is set by those around us such as our parents, teachers, other family members, as well as friends. With this, the level of integrity of those around us reflects the level of integrity that we have. In the military our integr...

3 Cases of Confusion with Introductory Adverbial Phrases

3 Cases of Confusion with Introductory Adverbial Phrases 3 Cases of Confusion with Introductory Adverbial Phrases 3 Cases of Confusion with Introductory Adverbial Phrases By Mark Nichol When an adverb or a phrase serving an adverbial function begins a sentence, the writer must take care not to introduce a simple punctuation mistake that erroneously associates that introductory word or phrase with the subject rather than the object. These three examples illustrate the problem and provide solutions. 1. â€Å"Eventually, I hope we’ll be able to exploit such opportunities.† Eventually means â€Å"at some point in the future,† and this sentence expresses the writer’s sentiment that at some point in the future, he or she will hope. What the writer means, however, is that he or she hopes that at some point in the future, exploitation may occur. To accurately convey this meaning, â€Å"I hope† should either begin the sentence (â€Å"I hope that eventually, we’ll be able to exploit such opportunities†) or should be bracketed with a second comma to form a parenthetical (â€Å"Eventually, I hope, we’ll be able to exploit such opportunities†). 2. â€Å"By the end of the quarter, we are sure that productivity will improve.† This sentence reads as if the writer were attempting to mention that he or she and others will be certain at the end of the period stated, but if that were true, the sentence should read, â€Å"By the end of the quarter, we will be sure that productivity will improve.† More likely, however, the statement has the same problem as the first example. For the sake of clarity, the sentence should begin with the subject: â€Å"We are sure that by the end of the quarter, productivity will improve.† Alternatively, â€Å"We are sure,† to remove it from the chronological reference, should be parenthetical: â€Å"By the end of the quarter, we are sure, productivity will improve.† 3. â€Å"With some additional effort, they are confident that he will be successful.† Again, the writer is erroneously associating the subject represented by the pronoun with the introductory phrase. The solution, as before, is to start with the subject (â€Å"They are confident that with some additional effort, he will be successful†) or to make the phrase containing the pronoun a parenthetical phrase (â€Å"With some additional effort, they are confident, he will be successful†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterExpanded and ExtendedComment, Suggestion, and Feedback

The US Airways has grown to become a successful airline in the US Research Paper

The US Airways has grown to become a successful airline in the US - Research Paper Example After a series of mergers and buyouts, the US Airways grew from just a small airline operating in just a number of airports within the US to big conglomerate with a huge annual turnover (McNicholas 1). This airline has a colorful history and a rich culture facilitated by the presence of loyal customers coupled with hard working employees. However, evidence from reliable studies show that this success or rather triumph has come along with numerous setbacks. As of today, the US Airways faces serious challenges, which include the merger between itself and America West (Vasigh, Ken, and Liam 32). Analysts assent that the anticipated marriage linking the US Airways and America West brought certain obstacles, which comprise of labor challenges, integrating operations, competition, and a weak industry as well as the issue of rebranding the whole airline probably using a different color (Yunich 2). Despite being a low cost airline, the US Airways is still dealing with lost employee morale sp ecifically after the effects of September 11 started exerting heavy toll on the aviation industry (Taneja 65). Generally, in order for the US Airways to stay firm in business, it has to introduce few changes and alter a number of its stipulations. It is therefore recommendable for the US Airways to move from excessive assets, the filing of Chapter 11 (Bankruptcy, BUS 371), and lost customers to a â€Å"load factor† (Moyer and Reynolds 51). Position of the problem Since the problems facing the US Airways are numerous, it is substantial to include a number of spectrums that establishes several positions aimed at getting a clear picture of the situation. It is agreeable that merging with the America West is crucial for the US Airways business operations (Lu 34). It can result to increased profit margins, reduced competition, and potential utilization of the company assets (Pender and Richard 50). However, a critical review of the company’s feedback from various players in the same market shows that, the merger may never happen simply because other airlines competing for the same clientele claim that this merger may diminish them by rendering their businesses useless. Profoundly, the US Airways offers a low cost service to its customers while the America West offers similar services in addition to other favorable offerings to its clients (McNicholas 2). As such, a merger between these dominant airlines would mean increased competition pro the other airlines, which would result to low profit margins, loss of customers, and subsequent exit in the industry (Brent 92). Of course, not even a single airline would want this to happen so contesting against this marriage is a priority to most of the foreseen victims. Since the major problem facing the US Airways is the issues that resulted from its subsequent merging with America West, understanding that the US Airways should not lose sight of its mission and visions statements is imperative (Vasigh, Ken, and Liam 40). With reference to the US Airways statements visions and mission, the company seeks to provide safety and value to its customers (Moyer and Reynolds 75). Additionally, it commits itself into making every flight count and dedicates its corporate social responsibility department towards maintaining a sustainable environment. Although there has been no terror effects of any plane crash

Destructive Leadership in the Military - Chapter 3 Dissertation

Destructive Leadership in the Military - Chapter 3 - Dissertation Example A valid informed consent is also a requirement by federal regulation, which identifies the eight basic disclosure elements. According to the National Archives and Records Administration (2012), a statement of the contents of the research, its purpose, the expected length of participation, was clearly explained to the potential participants. The informed consent will be given to participants prior to the start of the research. The informed consent will concentrate on the ethical and legal framework of the research. First, a brief will be conducted with the participants to provide essential information about the research. The participants will be provided an opportunity to ask questions which will be answered correctly and broadly. When all participants are thoroughly briefed and have a clear understanding of the study, they will each receive a copy of the informed consent to sign as evidence. A copy of the form will be retained by the researcher, and the other copy given to the respon dent. If any new information arises as the research progress, the participants will be informed The respondents will also be made aware they can withdraw from the research any time before the final dissertation is written. By providing substantial background information, and enumerating the rights of the participants, voluntary, and signed consent of the participants will be obtained. ... Confidentiality The confidentiality of the participants will be of paramount importance, especially in the current case in which the respondents are active members of the Marine Corps and may be working under the very senior enlisted Marines about whom they have provided the information. The following measures will be taken to ensure the protection of respondents. First, the research will ensure that respondents’ names and any other identifying characteristics will not be mentioned in the dissertation, and the collected data will be used only for developing the research analysis. Furthermore, interviews and interviewees will be identified by a generic code and all information that relates to the interviewee will be kept in a secure location for a three-year period from the completion of the study, after which all information and data will be destroyed. A code will be given to all participants who have signed the informed consent. Each participant will be given a code, example (MIL 001) for the first participant up to (MIL 00n) for the nth participant. The participants will be required to identify themselves using the assigned code for every interview or questionnaire administered to them. Once the data collection process begins, participants will not be addressed by name, but by their assigned code, which they will receive prior to the interview process. The participants will not write their names on the interview or questionnaires, and any data that contain the participant’s name will be invalid and destroyed immediately. The confidentiality of the participants is the respondents are active members of the Marine Corps and may be working under the senior enlisted Marine whom they have provided the informationof great importance because it protects them from

Destructive Leadership in the Military - Chapter 3 Dissertation

Destructive Leadership in the Military - Chapter 3 - Dissertation Example A valid informed consent is also a requirement by federal regulation, which identifies the eight basic disclosure elements. According to the National Archives and Records Administration (2012), a statement of the contents of the research, its purpose, the expected length of participation, was clearly explained to the potential participants. The informed consent will be given to participants prior to the start of the research. The informed consent will concentrate on the ethical and legal framework of the research. First, a brief will be conducted with the participants to provide essential information about the research. The participants will be provided an opportunity to ask questions which will be answered correctly and broadly. When all participants are thoroughly briefed and have a clear understanding of the study, they will each receive a copy of the informed consent to sign as evidence. A copy of the form will be retained by the researcher, and the other copy given to the respon dent. If any new information arises as the research progress, the participants will be informed The respondents will also be made aware they can withdraw from the research any time before the final dissertation is written. By providing substantial background information, and enumerating the rights of the participants, voluntary, and signed consent of the participants will be obtained. ... Confidentiality The confidentiality of the participants will be of paramount importance, especially in the current case in which the respondents are active members of the Marine Corps and may be working under the very senior enlisted Marines about whom they have provided the information. The following measures will be taken to ensure the protection of respondents. First, the research will ensure that respondents’ names and any other identifying characteristics will not be mentioned in the dissertation, and the collected data will be used only for developing the research analysis. Furthermore, interviews and interviewees will be identified by a generic code and all information that relates to the interviewee will be kept in a secure location for a three-year period from the completion of the study, after which all information and data will be destroyed. A code will be given to all participants who have signed the informed consent. Each participant will be given a code, example (MIL 001) for the first participant up to (MIL 00n) for the nth participant. The participants will be required to identify themselves using the assigned code for every interview or questionnaire administered to them. Once the data collection process begins, participants will not be addressed by name, but by their assigned code, which they will receive prior to the interview process. The participants will not write their names on the interview or questionnaires, and any data that contain the participant’s name will be invalid and destroyed immediately. The confidentiality of the participants is the respondents are active members of the Marine Corps and may be working under the senior enlisted Marine whom they have provided the informationof great importance because it protects them from

United Nations Security Council Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

United Nations Security Council Reform - Essay Example One of the most important and controversial reform proposed, concerns one of its divisions, the United Nations Security Council, and it involves bringing in changes within the structure and working practice of this particular body. The Security Council plays the primary role in safeguarding peace and maintaining security, worldwide. Indeed, time and again this particular body has faced severe criticisms from its member states, UN members, and other experts; regarding a lack of transparency in its resolution adoption processes, and a lack of fair representation of all the countries, worldwide. Though in recent times we notice that the Council has moved towards having showing more transparency in many of its decisions; there has been no dearth in the criticisms directed towards this body. One of the main issues of contention, has been regarding the existence of the Council’s 5 permanent member body (France, United Kingdom, United States, China and Russia), and their capacity to exercise the ‘veto rights’. This so called ‘veto rights’ gives these 5 member states the right to stop any resolution (that may not necessarily always be procedural in nature) from being passed.

Why auditor must to be objective and independent Essay

Why auditor must to be objective and independent - Essay Example In order to successfully carryout this feat, it can be seen that independent auditors play a significant role in the functioning of global capital markets. As such, this paper has been designed to evaluate the main reasons why auditors must be independent and objective in their operations. The main part of the paper will focus on why focus in terms of auditing financial statements of different companies is put on aspects such as objectivity as well as independence of the auditors who carry out different tasks related to financial reporting in the company. According to Kueppers & Sullivan (2010), the audit profession plays a very significant role in the functioning of the global capital markets and it also adds value to various roles played by different stakeholders in financial reporting in an organization. However, the effectiveness of an audit is reflected by the absence of failure of business or fraud after it has been completed. This can be achieved if an independent auditor is h ired to perform such a task in the organization. Ussahawanitchakit (2012, p.1) posits to the effect that during the recent years, â€Å"auditors have become important professions for directly and indirectly promoting the growth of economics in the countries.† These professionals significantly help the stakeholders and other people to assess the value of the firm’s financial information in all aspects of business. This can be achieved through the implementation of accounting and auditing standards that are within the dictates of the financial rules and regulations in a given country (Intakhan and Ussahawanitchakit, 2010). In most cases, independent auditors are more appropriate in carrying out this particular task. In as far as auditing is concerned, it is imperative for the auditors to have some form of independence so that they can impartially dispense their duties. Basically, â€Å"audit independence is defined as an objective and trustworthy arbiter of the fair pre sentation of financial results,† (Falk et al., 1999 as cited in Ussahawanitchakit (2012, p.12). This is a critical factor in the audit profession given that it is comprised of objectivity and is often free from bias. Audit independence is very important in the preparation of financial statements since it helps to generate investor confidence if the financial statement has been carried out by an outsider or independent person. Beattie et al (1999), suggest that in general, audit independence includes independence in fact, which is an unbiased mental attitude of an auditor, and independence in appearance, which is the perception by a reasonable observer that an auditor has no relationship with an audit client which would suggest a conflict of interest audit independence can be achieved if there are no conflicts of interests among the parties involved. It can also be noted that independent auditors are mainly concerned with upholding the principles of ethics, fairness and other p ractices and operations for presenting audit quality which plays a role in improving the quality of auditing that would done. Independent audits are also important since they help to promote fairness in the creation of financial statements and are likely to go a long way in sustaining integrity in terms of financial reporting. Georgiade (2011), states that the responsibilities of the independent auditor when conducting an audit of financial statements in accordance with GAAS include the following: â€Å"Obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial sta